117 - An Elixir for extracting the color from Kermes
Put the following ingredients into a kettle: 4 flasks of fresh water, 4 lbs grain bran, 1/4 oz of Levantine Saint John's wart, and 1/4 oz of fenugreek. Leave it over the fire, so that the water becomes lukewarm, but so that you can still hold it with your hands. Remove it from the fire, and cover the kettle with cloth to preserve the colour. Leave it for 24 hours, and then decant this lye or elixir for use.
Now take a clean kettle, and into it pour 3 flasks of fresh water, and a flask of the above elixir. When it boils, pour in [dried] kermes [bugs] crushed in the following manner: In a bronze mortar, grind 1 oz of kermes. Pass it through a sieve to ensure that you ground it well. Sift it many times, so that all the crushings pass through the sieve.
Finally take a little raw tartar, and crush it in the mortar. The tartar will take up all the dye adhering to the bottom of the mortar and to the pestle. Mix this tartar with the sifted kermes, and when the water in the kettle boils, put in all the kermes, and let it dye the water, reciting the Miserere Psalm once.
Then take the mordanted shearings, described above, which have first been soaked in a basin of fresh water for ½ hour. When the kermes tints the water [in the kettle] well, take the shearings, thoroughly wring out the [fresh] water, and throw them into the kettle. With a rod, stir the shearings in the kettle well, so that they take the dye thoroughly.
Leave it alone for ½ hour over the fire, boiling gently. Then remove the kettle from the fire. Collect the shearings by stirring them with a clean stick, and put them in a basin full of fresh water. At the end of ½ hour drain all the water, and add new fresh water. Wring them out well, and set them to dry in a place where dust will not fall on them. Spread them out so they will not get musty, and reheat them. Make sure that the fire is always nice and slow, because with a strong fire the dye will turn black.
Afterward make some lye in this manner: Take the ash of vine twigs, or willows, or other softwood ash, put it onto a folded cloth, pour fresh water over it gently, and Iet it strain into a basin. Strain the water again through the ash two more times, and then Iet the lye rest for 24 hours, so that the ash falls to the bottom, and it is cleaned and well clarified. Then decant it into another basin, leaving behind the sediment and the part that is no good.
Take some of this lye and put it in a clean kettle, and while it is still cool put in the shearings tinted by kermes, and then bring it to a boil over a most temperate fire. This way, the lye will be tinted a red color, and will extricate the dye from the shearings. Now, take a little bit of the shearings, and wring them out well If you find it is uncolored then remove the kettle from the fire. This is the sign that the lye has extracted all the dye of the kermes from the shearings.
Have a linen cloth stocking that is suspended over a very large basin, and through this stocking strain all the dye in the kettle. The shearings will remain trapped in the stocking. Once it drains, wring out the stocking with the shearings inside. Then get all the shearings by turning the stocking inside out and washing the fibers from it so it becomes neat and clean.
Now take 12 oz of pulverized roche alum. Put it into a large glass of fresh water, and leave it to stand so that all the alum dissolves in the water. When it fully dissolves, fit the linen stocking, well washed of the shearing fibers, over two sticks that are suspended in air, and very wide at the mouth, and constricted at the bottom. Sew this into the shape of an [inverted] cone. Keep a well-cleaned kettle under the stocking. Then take the glass of alum-saturated water, and pour it all into a basin containing the pigment of the kermes. lmmediately you will see that the water will make the pigment of kermes separate, like a coagulant. Then pour all this dye through the stocking into the clean kettle, so that the lye strains clear through the stocking. The stocking will trap the dye of the kermes.
When all the liquid is well strained, if by chance it strains somewhat colored, then return it into the stocking. This time it will leave all the dye in the stocking. This second time the lye will be strained white, free of all dye, and the dye will all remain inside the stocking. Then take a clean small wooden scoop, and scrape the lye from the outside of the stocking, where it will cling grossly.
Have some ordinary newly fired tiles, and stretch linen rags over them. Over these rags, spread the Iake that you remove from the stocking, and leave it to dry thoroughly. Do not spread it too thickly, because then it will not dry quickly. When there is too much moisture it will mildew, and make an ugly color.
When a tile has absorbed a lot of moisture, take another new tile. In this manner, it will dry more quickly. When it is dry, remove the coating from the linens. This will be a good Iake for painters, as I have made many times in Pisa. Take note that if the color is too strong you should use more roche alum, and if it is too weak use less alum so that the color is according to your taste, and desire.