1. Kremnitz Process. This process owes its name to having been worked at Kremnitz in Germany. It is carried on in a chamber built of brick or wood, having a number of shelves, on which is placed trays containing a paste made of litharge and either acetic acid or lead acetate, usually in the proportions of 100 Ibs. of litharge to 18 pints of acetic acid, or an equivalent quantity of lead acetate solution. When the chamber is filled carbonic acid gas is sent into it, this becomes absorbed by the lead oxide present in the paste, the absorption of the gas being ,facilitated by raking over the paste from time to time, the mass being kept moist, as this increases the absorption of the gas. The mass originally has a yellowish-grey colour, but as the operation progresses it gradually changes into a white ; and when all traces of yellow have disappeared, the operation is stopped, and the white lead which is made is first washed with water, then ground and dried.