Take suitable new canvas, stretch it well upon a stretching frame, wet it well with clean water, and afterwards dry it thoroughly; then stretch it a second time. Grind equal quantities of white-lead and whiting, well dried, with five parts of raw oil, and add one part boiled oil; prime the cloth over on the face with a brush, palette knife or trowel; the latter is preferable, to those who can use it. After the canvas has had sufficient time to dry, scrape off from the back any superabundant colour which may have passed through the canvas; then repeat a second coat on the face, leaving it as smooth as possible. When hard and dry, rub it smooth with a piece of light pumice-stone and water; so as to cut off or lay all the knots in the canvas; then grind two parts white-lead, two parts whiting, and one part burnt ochre, with a small quantity of pumice stone, all well ground separately rather stiff in raw oil; afterwards mix the whole, adding a little gold size, dilute with half raw oil and half turpentine, and apply a third, fourth, or fifth coat repeat rubbing down with pumice-stone and water until smooth enough for painting upon.,