The Second Book

The second Book, wherein are shown the true ways of ma¬
king Calcidony of the colour of A gats, &oriental Jaspers, with the way to prepare all
colours for this purpose, and also to make Aqua-fortis, and Aqua Regis necessary
in this business.
And the Manner of calcining Tartar, and uni- tingit with Rosichiero, made Chap. 128. which produceth pleasant toyes of many co¬
lours with undulations in them, and gives it an opacity such as the Natural and Oriental stones have.
CHAP. XXXVII.
sInce I am to shew the manner how to make Calcidonies, Jaspers and Oriental Agats, it is necessary first to teach the prepa- preparation of some mineral things ; for such compositions, and although some of them may be publiquely bought, yet not-withstanding, I being desirous that the work should be perfect judged it perti¬nent to my purpose to shew the most ex¬quisite Chymical way, that the skilful may make every thing of themselves, both more perfect and with lesser charge. For there is no doubt that when the materials are well prepared, and the colour of the metalls is well opened, and separated from their im¬purity and terrestriety which usually hin¬der the ingress of their tincture into glass, and their union in their smallest parts, that then they colour the glass with lively, shi¬ning and fair colours, which very far sur¬pass those that are vulgarly, and usually made in the furnace. And because the colour of Calcidony , or rather it's com¬pound (which is nothing else, but as it were a reuniting of all the colours, and
toyes that may be made in glass, a thing not common nor known to all) if they be not well prepared, and subtilised as is ne¬
cessary, they give not the beauty and splen, dor to glass as is required. Wherefore it is necessary that the metalls be well cal¬cined
r cined,fubtilifed, and opened with the beft Aqua-fortis, Sulphurs, TÏtriols,fal Armoniak, and the like materials * which in length of . time, and at a gentle heat, arc opened and well prepared, but a violent nre herein hurteth much. Tartar and Rofichiero ( be- fides their being very perfeft and well . calcined ) muft be alio put in proportion . and in fit and due time, and you muft alfo obferve,that the metall be well boiled, pu-
. rified, and perfected, and in working of ic fome fuch care is to be ufed, as the dili¬gent mafters are wont to ufe, and by thus doing the true fafper and ^4t,and Orien-
' tai Calcidonies, with the faireft and bcauti- fulleft fpots of wavings, and toyes, with divers lively and bright colours. Hence . it truly appears that nature cannot arrive fo , high in great pieces, and although it is faid and may be made to appear true, that Arc
. cannot attain to Nature, yet experience in many things fhews , and in particular in . this arc of the colours in glafs, that art doth ‘ not onely attain to and equal nature, but very fair furpaftes and cxcells it. If this were not feen, hardly would you believe the beauty, the toyes and wavings of divers colours,varioully disjoyned one from the other /other with a pleafing diltinction , which is feen in this particular of the Calctdonj. When the medicine is well prepared, and the glafs wrought at a due time,the effed that cometh thence pafteth all imagina¬tion and conceit of man. In the three ways to make it, which I teach, I believe you may fee how far the art of glafs ari- feth in this particular, where I demon- ftrate every particular fo diftin&ly, that any pra&itioncr, and skilful perlon,may underftand and work without errour, and he that works well may find out more than I fet down.
CHAP. XXXVIII.
T
Akeof Salt-peter refined one part, of Roch-alum three parts; but firft ex¬hale in pans all the humidity from The second Book.
it; to every pound of this stuff add an ounce of Crystalline Arsnick (this is a secret and no ordinary thing) which besides it's giving more strength to the water,helps to extract, better the spirits from the ma¬terials, which are the true nerves and strength of the Aqua-fortis, without which the water perhaps would be no better than well-water. Powder and mix them well together, adding thereunto the tenth pare in the whole of Lime, well powdred,mix-them well, and put so much of this stuff into glass bodies, that about three quarters of them may be full, let them be luted with strong lute, which I remit to the Ar¬tist as a common thing: but one not vulgar I will declare. Take some lome for example of the river Arnus (which is a fat earth known to all) one part, of sand 3 parts, of common wood-ashes well fisted, of shearings of woollen cloath, of each one half; mix them well together, and incor- porate them into a past with common wa- ter, work them well together, for the more 'tis wrought the better 'tis, therefore see that your past be a little hard, to all these add a third of common salt,wch incorporate well with the lute, 'tis a business of impor¬
tance, tance, then-lute theglafics with this perfect lute, and fee them in wind furnaces, fitting to their bottoms, baked earth which will bear the fire. Under the bottom of thefe bodies,let there be four fingers of find, & thick Iron bars to bear the weight,& fill’d round abouc with fand , put receivers of glafs to them, large and capacious within, lute the joynts well with lute made of fine llowre and lime, of each a like quantity, powdred, mixed, tempered, and imparted with the whites of Eggs well beaten, with this lute, bindc and lute the joynts with roulers of fine linnen, which , when well dryed and rould about three or four times, make a very ftrong lute, rouling but once at a time, and letting it dry a little before the fecond rouling. And then this will bear all the violence, fury, and force of the fpiritsof the Apa-fortis, and to this end fit exa&ly a very large receiver to every glafs body. And when they are well dryed make a fire in the furnace oncly with coal at firft, and that a very temperate one, for three hours, for in that time the windy moirture dirtillcth off, which endangers the breaking of the glaffes, and continue for fix hours a moderate fire , afterwards encreafe encreafe ic gently, adding billets of dry oaken wood to die coals, and fo proceed by little and little, augmenting ic lor fix hours more, and then the head will be tin¬ged with Yellow, a fign that the fpirits be¬gin to rife; continue this degree of fire un¬till the fpirits beginning to condcnfatc co¬lour Red the receiver and head, which will always grow deeper colour’d like a Rubic. Then encreafe the fire for many hours, till the head and receiver become Red, which fometimes lafteth two whole days. Continue the fire by all means till all the fpirits of Aquafortis be d if til I’d off, wch is known,when the head & receivers by little and little, begin to grow clear,and be¬come white as at firft, and wholly cold ; yet notwithftanding continue the fire one hour more. Then let the furnace cool of it’s felf. Obferve, that when the head and re¬ceivers are Red , and the fire ftrong, you admit no wind, nor cold air into them, nor touch them with any cold thing, for then they will cafily crack, and your pains, coll ancf time will be loft,wherefore when they are in this ftate , let them be kept hoc in the fire. Now, when all is cold, put ups on the head and receiver linnen cloaths F wetted.
wetted and well foaked in cold water, that the fpirits which are about the bead and receiver may the better fink intó the Aqua¬fortis., leave them thus for 12 hours, then bath the joynts and lutings with warm water, till they being moiftned you may take off the bandage, and the head from the receiver, which ufually are fafc. The bodies may be broke and thrown away, for they will ferve no more, powder the dregs and refidenccs of the Aqua-fortis* to wit, about their third part, and to every pound of them add four ounces of Salt-peter re¬fined, and put them into another body lu¬red, and pour on them the faid Aqua-fortis* lute and diftil them as before in every thing. Keep the Aqua-fortis in earthen jugs well ftopt that the better fpirits may not evaporate. This parting water is good for the following ufes. Some there are that inftead of Roch Alume take as much more of the beft Vitriol, fuch as the Rowan or thé like is. The fign that Vitriol is good for this ufc, is, that being rub’d upon polifhed Iron it colours it with a Copper colour. This Vitriol purified after the following manner, will make a ftronger Aqua-fortis than Alume.
Te
To yurt fie Vitriol to make the Jtrour- efi Aqua-fort is.
CHAP. XXXIX.
D
Moke the bed Vitriol (the better,the ftronger the hqud-fortis) in common warm water , let the folution ftand three days being impregnated with fait, then filtre and evaporate in glafs bodies two thirds of the water, and put the remainder into earthen pans glafed, which fet in a cold place,in 12 hours the Vitriol will fhoot into pointed pieces, appearing like natural Ctyftallof a fair Emerald colour. Dilfolve this fame Vitriol again and do as before, and repeat it thrice,at each folution there will remain at the bottom of the glafs a Yellow fubftance,which is it’s unprofitable Sulphur,and is to be caft away. At the third time the Vitriol will be purified, and fit to make a good and ftrong fyna-fortis^ much ftronger than the ordinary, cfpecially if the Nitre be well refined.
How to make Aqua Regis.
CHAP . XL.
T
O every pound of the said Aqua-fortis, put two ounces of sal Armoniack powdered, into a glass body,which set in a pan full of warm water, and let the Aqua¬
fortis be often stirred,wch will soon dissolve the sal Armoniack with it's heat,wch will be tinged with a Yellow colour, put in more, sal Armoniack, as long as the Aqua-fortis will dissolve any, when it dissolves no more let it settle a little, when it is clear decant it leasurely off, and in the bottom there remains the unprofitable terrestriety of the sal Armoniack. Now this, Aqua Regis is stron and fit to dissolve Gold, and other metalls; but silver it toucheth not at all.
To
To burn Tartar.
CHAP , X L I.
Ut Tartar of Red-wine which is in great pieces, and appears full of spots (lay by that which is in powder, for it is not good) into new earthen pots,and let it burn in kindled coals until it smoaks no more, and when it is calcin'd, and in lumps of a black purplish sustance then it is burned and prepared.
How to make a C alcidony in Glafs
CHAP. XL1I.
PUt of Aqua-fortis* two pound, into a glafs body not very great, but with a long neck, four ounces of fine filver, in fmall and thin pieces, and fet them near the fire, or in warm water, which as foon as the Aqua-fortis begins to be hot ’twill work and diffolvc the filver very quickly, and continue fo until it hath difTolved, and taken it up, then take a pound and a half of Aqua-fortis* and in it diffolvc ( as you have before done with filver) fix ounces of Quick-fiver* when all is dilfolvcd let thefe two waters be well mixed in a greater bo¬dy , and powr upon them fix ounces of fal Armoniack* and diffolvc it at a gentle hear, when it is diffolved put into the glafs one ounce of Zafier * and half an ounce of Miwanefe, each prepared, and half an ounce of Fer^etto of Spain* a quarter of an ounce of Crocus At art is calcin'd with Brim-
ftone, thrice calcin’d Copper, Blew fmalts of the Painters, and Red-lead, of each half an ounce, powder all t’nefe well, and put one after anorhcr into the body, which then ftir gently that the Kquafortis may be incorporated well with the faid powder, keep the body clofe Roped for ten days, every day ftirring it well levcral times, and when they are well opened, then put it into a furnace on fand, and make a moft temperate heat, fo that in 24 hours all the Aquafortis may be evaporated. Ob- ierve that at laft you give not a ftrong but a gentle heat, that the fpirits of the Aqua¬fortis may not evaporate, and in the bot¬tom e there will remain a Lion colour, which being well powdered , keep in a glafs veffel. When you would make a falcidony, put into a pot very clear metall and made of broken pieces of Cryftall veftels, and Cryftalline, and white glafs . which hath been ufed. For with the Virgin Britt which hath never been wrought, the Calcidony can never be made, and the colours ftick not to it, but are con- fumed by the Britt. To every pot of a- bout 20 pound of glafs, puc two ounces, or two ounces and a half, or three ounces of this powder,or medicine, at three times, and incorporate, and mix them, that the glass may take in the powder, in doing whereof it raiseth certain Blew fumes, as soon as it is well mixed let the glass stand an hour, then put in another mixture, and so let it alone 24 hours, then let the glass be well mixed, and take there of an essay, which will have a Yellowish A¬zure colour, this proof being returned many times into the furnace, and taken when it begins to grow cold, will shew some waves, and divers colours very fair.
Then take Tartar eight ounces, soot of the Chimny well vitrified two ounces, Crocus Martis calcin'd with Brimstone half an ounce, put by little and little all these well powdered and mixed into this glass at six times, expecting a little while at each time, still mixing the glass that the powder may be well incorporated. As soon as all the powder is put in, let the glass boil, and settle 24 hours at least, then make a little glass body of it, which put in the furnace many times, and see if the glass be
enough, and if there be on the outside toyes of Blew, and Sea-green, Red, Yel¬
low, and all colours with toys, and it hath /hath fome waves 3fuch as Calcidony* Jafpers, Oriental rlgats have, and that the body kept within be as to the fight as red as fire. Now as foon as it is made and perfeded5it is wrought into veflcls always variegated, which are not to be remade, for they do not arife well. Thefe veflcls may be made of divers forts, and drinking glafles of many fafhions , broad drinking cups, falts, flower pots, and the like toyes, flill obferving that the matter workman pinch off well ye glafs (that is wrought) with pincers, and anneal it fufficiently, that it may nuke waves and toyes of the faireft colours. You may alfo make with this pot difhes, pretty large in Oval, triangular* quadrangular form, as you will, and after¬wards work it ac the wheel ( as jewels ) for it rakes polifhing, and a fine luftre, and it may ferve for little tables, and cabinets ; fo that thofc little Jewels will reprefent the Oriental Agat* Jofper, and Oriental Calcidony, and when it happens that the colour tadeth, and theglals becomes tran- fparent, and no more Opacous as it ought to be for thefe works, then ceafe from working,put to it new Tartar calcin’d, foot and Crocus ,for thus (as before) it takes a body and Opacoufnefs, and makes the colours appear; fet ic then to purine many hours, that the new powder put in may be incoporated,as’tis ufual,then work it. This was my way to make Calcidony in the year 1661 in Florence, at Cafino in the glafs furnaces; at which time 1 caufed to work in the furnace, the brave Gentleman Nicolao Landiamo my familiar friend, and a man rare in
working Enamels at the lamp,in which furnace 1 made many cups of Calcidony at the fame time,which always were fair to all eflays, never departing from the a- forefaid rules, and having the materials well prepared.
The
The second Calcidony.
CHAP . XLIII.
I. N a pound of Aqua-fort is dissolve three ounces of fine Silver cut small in a glass body well closed, set this aside.
2. In another glass body,put one pound of Aqua-fortis, wherein dissolve 5 ounces of Mercurie well purified, close the body well and set that aside.
3. In another little glass body, put one pound of Aqua-fortis, wherein dissolve two ounces of sal Armoniack, then put into this dissolution of Crocus Martis made with A- qua-fortis,Ferretta of Spain,Copper calcin'd Red, as in Chap. 24. Brass calcin'd with Sulphur,of each half an ounce, put all these materials well ground, and powdered by themselves, and then one by one, into the bodies by little and little, with pati¬
ence, because they all arise much.
4. In another little glass vessel let there be be put one pound of Aqua-fortis,and there¬in dissolve one ounce of sal Armoniack, and in the dissolution of crude Antimony pow¬dered, Vitriol purified, of Azure, or Blew Smalts, of each half an ounce, one ounce of Red-lead, grind them all well and set the vessel by.
5. In a like body, dissolve in one pound of Aqua-fortis, two ounces of sal Armo-niack, then put in,one ounce of Zaffer pre¬pared, and a quarter of an ounce of Man¬ganese prepared, and half an ounce of thrice calcin'd Copper, and one ounce of Cinaber, put in warily every one of these things (well powdered) by themselves, into the body, avoiding those things that swell up arise and fume, set this aside.
6. In another small glass body, dissolve in one pound of Aqua-fortis two ounces of sal Armoniack, and then add of Cerus, Painters Red-lake, Verdigreas, the Skales of iron that fall from the anvil,of each half an ounce,these swell very much. Let all these 6 bodies stand 12 days, & (hake them well six times every day, that the water may pe¬netrate & subtilise the ingredients and me¬talls, to communicate their tincture to the glas
After this time take a great glafs bo¬dy, luted at the bottom, into which you {hall empty all the materials ot thefe fix bodies by little and little,that they may not run out, nor make the glafs crack, in this great body rtiix well the waters, that the materials mav be well united, and mix¬ed together, fet this glafs in allies at a very gentle heat, for twenty four hours, that the water may evaporate. Obferving that the fire be gentleft at laft , left the powder be wafted with too much hear. He that will regain the Aqua-fortis may joyn the head & receiver 8c lute the jontsfas is ufual)and the water being evaporated ,there remains at the bottome a reddilh powder , which is kept
in a glafs clofed for ufe.
Put this powder or medicine into metall made of broken pieces of glafs, and old slafs, but not made of Virgin Fritt of Cry- ftall, or Cryftalline , as in the firft Cat- cidony hath been faid. Give the metall the fame quantity, and ufe the faid di- ftancc of time as in the other, then give it the body of burnt Tartar, and foot of the Chimny Vitrified* and Crocus CWartis made with vinegar, then let them fettle twenty
twenty four hours, and caufeaveflel to be made thereof, and put it in the fire, and obferve whether it take body and opa¬city, and if it fhew the variety of colours with toyes and wavings, work all of it into veffels of divers forts , framing there¬with all forts of workmanfhip, and variety of toyes.
With this fort of Calcidony, I made ma¬ny cups,all which were fair, and befides with this paft of Calcidony may be made many hundred crowns for gentle men, as fair as can be uttered. Thefe were feen by Ferdinando the great Duke , of bleffed memory, and by many other Princes, and Lords, and this was done by me in Flanders.
Tbt 
The third way of Calcidony.
CHAP. XLIV.
»
on In no
i. IN a glafs body in ftrong Aqaa-fortif* ( diffolve four ounces of fine leaf Sil¬ver, that is to fay, round cuttings of leaf * filvcr, ftop the body and fet it afide.
2. In another body of like glafs dif- lolve in one pound of .Aquafortis five ounces of Quick-fiver purified with vine¬gar and common fait, in a wooden difti with a wooden peftle ftir theMercttry fuffici- etotly round with ftrong vinegar, and wafh it with clear common water, until" ’tis dif- folved , and carry away all the common fait, together with the blacknefs of the Mercurie* repeat this many times. Then ftrain this Mercuric through canvas, and diftolve it in the abovefaid dqua-fortis, as before, clofe the glafs veflel, and let it a- fidc.
3. In another glafs body, diffolve in a pound of three ounces of fine
Silver /Silver calcin’d after this manner, to wit, amalgamate the fiber with Mercuric, mix the amalgama with as much more com¬mon fait well prepired from all ’its ter- rellricty,bydiirolving it in common water, and boyling it a little, and then let it lettle two dayes that the terreftriety mixed with the fait may fink to the bottome, then filtre the water, and in the bottome will remain the grofsnefs and terreftrity of the falc, evaporate this water filtrtd from the ter¬reftriety of the fait in a glafs veffel,and dry it well, repeat this till the fait fends no more dregs to the bottom, and then ic will be perfed and fit for the work. This puri¬fying of the fait is made that it may be more efficacious to open the filver, other- wife it will be hard to feparate them. Put all thefe things a mid ft the coals, in a pot, that all the Mercurie may be evaporated away, and the Silver remain at the bottome calcin’d and powdered , and add unto it it’s weight of new common falc prepared ( as, before ) mix them well, and puc all in a chryfible or a pot to calcine fix hours in the fire. Wafh this fluff in a glafed pot many rimes wich warm water till all the faitnefs be well gone ; then put this filver into/into a glass body full of common water, boil it till a quarter of it be evaporated, then let the silver grow cold and settle, and decant the water, repeat this fresh water thrice, and the fourth time put it in a body of Aqua-fortis, stir it well, and set it a¬
side.
4. In another like body, dissolve in a pound of Aqua-fortis, three ounces of sal Armoniack,decant off the clear solution, the remainder at the bottome cast away. In this water dissolve a quarter of an ounce of gold, keep this last solution apart.
5. In another glass body, dissolve in one pound of Aqua-fortis, three ounces of sal Amoniack. Then put into the solution,of
Cinder; of Crocus Martis, of ultramarine, of Ferretto of Spaing each half an ounce, put them (well powdered) leasurely into the body,which being done close the ves¬
sel, and set it aside.
6. In another body, dissolve in a pound of Aqua fortis, three ounces of sal Armo- niack. Then put in Crocus Martis calcin'd with vinegar, calcined Tin, a thing com¬mon in potters furnaces, Zaffer prepared, and Cinaber, of each half an ounce. Put
gentlie each of them(ground by themselves) G into/into the Aqua-fortis, then keep this in a vef- fclj and fet it alide.
7. In another body of glafs,diflfolve in a pound of Aqua-fortis two ounces of fal Armoniack. Then put leafurtly into the fo- lution , Brafs calcin’d with Brimitone, Brafs thrice calcin’d, as in Chap. 28. Man- ganefe prepared, and.the fcales of Iron, which fall from the Smiths anvil, of each half an ounce. Put each of thefe well ground by thcmfelvcs, by little and little, then clofe the vcfTel, and fet it alide.
8. In another body, dilfolve in a pound of Aqua-fortts, two ounces of fal Armo¬niack, whereto put of Verdigreas one ounce, Red-lead, crude Antimony, and the Caput mortuum of Vitnol purified,of each half an ounce,put thefe powdered lcafurely in,clofe the vellel, and let it alide.
9. In another body, dilfolve in a pound of Aqua-fortis , two ounces of fal Armo¬niack, then put in lcafurely O/piment, white Arf/iick, Painters Lake, of each half an ounce, each powdered , and ground by it felf, dole the velici, and let it alide.
Keep thele nine bodies ( well clofed ) in the furnace fifteen days, and every day ftir it well many times, that the Aqua¬fortis 
fortif may work, and the materials be fub- tilifed,and their cin&urcs well opened, elfe they will not work well, then put all the materials with their waters into a great and ftrong body, by little and little ; the things being united together, let alone the great body (whcreinto you have powred the materials of all the leffer bodies) doled for fix daycs, and every day ftir it, then put it in afhes, giving it a gentle heat for twenty four hours, that the water may onely evaporate, obferving that the body muft be well luted at the bottome, even unto the midft of the body, and ac the laft of all the heat muft be made fo gentle that it oncly evaporate the water, and that the better fpirits of the Aquafor¬tis mav remain inclofed in the fame pow¬ders, for fo the powder will work fair, and ftrange things in glafs. In the bottome of this body, will remain a powder of a pur- plifh Green, whereof I gave the glafs fuch a dofe and quantity as is faid in the firft Calcidony. Then in due times (as is faid in
the firft Calcidony^ give it it’s body, to wit, Tartar burnt, the foot of the Chinny, and Crocus Martis made with vinegar, uling the fame dofe, and diligence, times, and inter- 
intervals throughout , as is faid in the firft Calcidony, then at the end of twenty four hours, work it with diligence, and ac¬cording to art, and fee ic to the fire again, as hath been moft pundually faid in the firft Calcidony.
This third way of making Calcidony, I performed at Antwerp, a City of bra- bant , Anno 1609. in the Moneth of January. At which time, and for many years, there was in the houfe Signor £- manuel Nimenes a Knight of the No¬ble Religion of Saint Steven , a Per- tngbes, and Citizen of Antwerp, a gentile Spirit,and Univcrfal in all knowledge, as any in the Low-Countries , whom I law or knew. With this powder 1 made a Calcidony in the furnace of Antwerp, which I caufed Signor Philippo Ghiridolpho a ve¬ry Courteous Gentleman to work, which Calcidony came forth fo fair, and beauti¬ful, that ic imitated the true Oriental Agat, and in fairnds and beauty of co¬lours far fur palled it. Many Portughes Gentlemen well Skilled in Jewels admi¬red it, faying, that nature could not do moTc. This was the faireft Calcidony that ever I made in my life, which al¬
though
though it be laborious, and long a work¬ing, yet notwithstanding it doth real things. Of this Calcidony two vessels were given to the most Excellent Prince of Orange, which pleased him very well.
The third Book. This Book shews the wayes to make the
colour of Gold Yellow, of the Amethist, Saphyre, Granat,
Velvet Black,Milk White, Marble,and Deep Red; As also to make Fritt with na¬
tural Crystal, and to colour glass of a Pearl colour, and
other particulars necessary in this Art
CHAP . XLV.
T
His third Book teacheth various wayes, and one better than another, to make all the abovesaid colours; As al¬
G 4 so
88 The third Book.
fo a particular way to make Fritt of natu¬ral Cryftal, which will melt as ordinary Cryftal metall,and will make vcflels very white, beautiful, and Lightly. There is no doubt but fome of thofe colours arc known to Artift?, though not to all perfons. For few they arc that know how to make well Gold Yellow, and a Deep Red, being hard and nice colours in this Art. Since in ma¬king them ’tis r.tccflary you be pundual in the dofc, time, circumftanccs , and ma-terials : for if you err but a very little in any of them whatsoever, all the whole la¬bour and bufinefs is loft and comes to no¬thing. I defepbe thefe two colours, and all other, in fo clear and intelligible a ftile, iliac every body may undtrftand, and make them to their guft and fatisfa&ion.
Tou mufi le exalt in the time, quantity,cir- cumflances,purifying, powdering, forcing, fire, materials , if you err lut a little in any of them whatfoever, all the labour is lofi , and the colours come to nothing.
2. Tartar le of Red-nine well vitri¬fied in the ve/Jefingcofs pieces,not in powder, nitrified natut ally of themfelves. That of white wine is not good.
$. To Mangancfc author fit ll fuljoyns of
fie mow. • • 4«
4. The colour muß I e made fuller or lighter according to the works you employ them for, and to heighten them, put in more of the colour,but to make them lighter, put into the pot more Fritt. Take fome metall out of the pot, and you fball fee whether you have your dejired colour •, put in your colours by little and little left they orverdo.
5. Put your colour to the Fritt, and not to the metall, when melted, for then it neither takes the colour fo well, nor fo good a co¬lour.
6. Mix the colours well with the metall in the pots j when ’tis melted, that both may be well incorporated, and this is to be done as often as you work the metall.
To make a G old T1 I low in lap.
C H A P. X L V I.
T
Akc Cryftal Fritt two parts, Rochetta Fritt one part,both made with Tarfo, (which is much better than fand ) mix and remix well thefe two Frits, and to eve¬ry hundred pound of this compoficior, take of 
of Tartar in lumps well beaten and fere cd fine, of Manganefe prepared,of each one pound, mix thefe two powders well, farft together, and then with the Frits. Then put them into the furnace, and let them ftand four days at an ordinary fire, becaufc they rife much. When the merall is puri¬fied and well coloured (which ufually is at the end of four days) work it into veflcls and works. This quantity of the materials makesamoft fair colour, which you may make deeper or lighter by adding or di* minilhing the powder or Frits. You muft put the powder in at feveral times, and not into the metal!, for then it colours not.
With thefe rules and obfervations you lhall make a very fair Gold Yellow. But if you would have it fairer and a more graceful Yellow, take all Cry flail Fritt. And thus I have frequently made this colour and al- wayes very fair.
Gar Mi
Garnat colour.
CHAP. XLVII.
T
Ake of Crystall and Rochetta Fritt, of each a like quantity, mix them well,
and to every 100 weight, add of Man¬ganese one pound, Zaffer prepared an ounce, mix well these two powders toge¬ther first, then with the Frits, then put this powder into the pot by little and lit¬tle. Mix well the Manganese with the Zaffer, for this quickens the colour, ma¬king it shining,beautiful and fair. At the
end of 24 hours (when 'tis pure and well coloured) work it.
Amethis A the moft perteft Tarfo* Manganefe prepared one pound, Zaffer prepared one ounce and a half, mix rhefe two powders well together, and then with the Fritt* and not with the mctall in the pots. The pro¬portion is one ounce of the mixed powder to one pound of the Fritt. When the mctall is pure and well coloured work it into vetfeis, &c.
Saphyre
Saphyre colour.
CHAP. XLIX.
PO every hundred weight of Rochetta
A Fritt, add one pound of Zajjer prepa¬red,& to every pound of Zajjer one ounce of Manganefe, mix thefe two well together firft, and then with the Fritt* put them all mixed into the furnace to melt and pu- rifie, and when ’tis pure, and well colour¬ed work it, Sec. This fmall quantity of Manganefe makes a moft fair colour of a double violet, which I have often made at Pi fa and always well.
A fairer Sapbyre colour.
CHAP. L.
TNflead of Rothetta Fritt * take Cryftal ■* Fritt* whereto add the fame quantity of the forefaid powder, with the fame rules, and you thill have a fair, and fhining Sa¬pere colour.
A TSlack. colour.
C H A P. LI. j
fAkc pieces of broken glafles of many colours, grind them ("mall, and put to
. them Manga/iefe 3c Zaffer, to wit, not more than half of Manganefe co the Zaffer. This glafs purified will be of a molt fair Black, fhining like velvet, and will ferve for tubes and all kindcs of works.
 
.A much fairer Blacf.
CHAP. LI I.
TAk e of the Frits of Cryftal and Polve- verine,o( each 20 pound,Calx of Lead, and Tin four pound, mix all together, fet them in a pot in the furnace well heated, and when the metall is pure, take ftecl well calcined and powdered, {tales of Iron which fall from the Smiths anvi^of each a like quantity, powder and mix them well, put fix ounces of this powder to the' faid metall that they may both ftronglv boil, let them fettle 12 hours, and fometimes mix the metall, and then work it. This will be a moft fair Velvet Black, and plcafant, to
make all forts of works.
Another
The third Book.
Another fairer ‘Black
f
CHAP. LI II.
TO a hundred weight of Rochetta Fritt, give two pound of Tartar, and of
Manganefe fix pound, both pulverifcd, mix them and put them in the furnace leafurely, let the metall purifie, which will be about the end of four dayes, then mix, and wafh the faid metall,which will make a more marvellous black than all the former.
• •
A fair mill^ White called Lattimo.
CHAP. LIV.
TAke of Cryftal Fritt twelve pound, of calcined Lead and Tin two pound, mix them well, of Manganefe prepared half an ounce, unite them all together and put them into a pot heat cd, let them ftand twelve hours that the materials may be melted, and at the end of eight hours you may work it. This will be a fair
White which I have often made.
£
* >
u 
A fair. White much whiter than the former.
CHAP . LV.
T
Ake 400 weight of Crystal Fritt, and 60 pound of calcined Tin, and two pound and a half of Manganese prepared, powder and mix them all with the Fritt, and set them in a furnace in a pot, let them refine, and at the end of 18 hours this stuff will be purified, which cast into wa¬ter, purifie it again in the furnace,and make a proof, and if it be too clear add 15 pound of the aforesaid calcined Tin, mix well the metall many times, and at the end of one day it becomes marvellous white, and in whiteness surpasseth any snow,then work it. I have often made it and always with good success. This white may be also made with Rocbetta, but not so white as with Crystal.
To
—
I
I *
To make a Marble colour.
CHAP. LVI.
I
P
Ut Cryftal Fort in a pot, and when ’tis melted (before ’tis purified) work it. This is a fair Marble colour.
A Peach colour in White.
CHAP. LVII.
M
Anganefe prepared will make in Lattimo the colour of a Peach- flower. But work it in time becaufe it lofeth colour.
A Deep Fed.
• CHAP. LVIII.
TAkc of Cryftal Fritt 20 pound , bro- 1 ken pieces of white glafs one pound, calcined Tin two pound, mix thefe well together, put them into a pot to run and pur i fie, when thefe are melted, take ftecl calcined , fcales of Iron from the an¬vil, both well ground, of each a like quan¬tity, mix them together, put Icafurely of this mixture, about an ounce, to the a- forefaid mctall when purified, and mix them well, and let them incorporate, which fucceeds commonly in five or fix hours. Too much powder makes the me- tall black, whereas the colour ought tc be tranfparcnt and not opacous, of an .obfeure Yellow; when ’tis fo, put in nc more powder, but then put abouc three quarters of an ounce of Brafs calcined tc rednefs (as in the 24 Chap.) and ground
to this metall, and mix them many times, and at about three or four times it will be¬
come as red as blood, wherefore make es¬says often, and see whether this colour be good, and when so, work it speedily, else 'twill lose it's colour, and become black.
Besides leave the mouth of the pot open, else the colour will be lost. Let not the pot stand above 10 hours in the furnace, and suffer it not to cool as much as is pos¬
sible. When you fee the colour fade (which sometimes happens) put in some
scales of Iron,which reduceth the colours. And,because this is a nice colour, use all diligence in making it by putting in the steel and scales, as also in working it.
bnsJhJsm >i.h 01
Fritt of natural Cry fal.
• -
CHAP. LIXi
- iA ' . •[•
C
d lei tie natural Cryftal in a Chryfible, extinguish it in common cold water eight times, cover the Cryfible that no alhes nor filth get in, Dry the calcined Cryftal, and grind it to an impalpable powder, mix this powder with (alt of Polverine made in a glafs body,as in Chap. 3. with thefe make a Fritt, oblerving the quantities, rules,and portion of Manganefe, fetting it in the furnace, & at due, and often times cafting it into the water, purifying and working it as in other Cryftal. And thus you will make a marvellous thing.
A Pearl colour in Crystal.
CHAP . LX.
P
Ut at 3 or 4 times to Crystal melte and purified, of Tartar well calcin'd
to whiteness, and continue to put in the Tartar 4 or 6 times,always mixing it well with the metall, till the Crystal hath got¬
ten a Pearl colour. Then work it speedily, for this colour fadeth. This I have often practised and experimented.
H 4 The